The Death Of A Person s Madness - 1157 Words

â€Å"There is always some madness in love. But there is also always some reason in madness.† - Friedrich Nietzsche. There are so many factors that contribute to a person’s madness. Love, trauma, genetics, low self-esteem, cultural expectations, etc. can affect one’s mental health dramatically. In order to stay sane, one’s physical, intellectual, emotional, and environmental health has to be balanced. If more than three of these dimensions of health are out of balance, then one’s mental state will be unstable. The sense of reality will feel like a fantasy. One will fall into a mental stupor, that if untreated, becomes detrimental to oneself and to others. There are environmental factors that play a role in the character’s Christophine, Antoinette, and Rochester’s madness. Although living in Jamaica played an environment s role, events that occurs while living in Jamaica cause Antoinette’s madness. She experiences, childhood traumatic events that contribute to her madness. The burning of her family estate, the death of both her younger brother and coco put Antoinette and her family on edge to the breaking point. Antoinette and her family are not able to fit in or accepted by their community because they are like foreigners in Jamaica, having that they are living in Martinique. People would call her a white cockroach, and when Tia said her family is not real white people, Antoinette feels displaced and rejected. Her only friend is her neighbor, Mr. Lutrell who suddenlyShow MoreRelatedThe Madness Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1047 Words   |  5 PagesTate McWhorter Period: 3 The Madness in Hamlet In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, madness is a condition which is difficult to identify whether it is genuine or fraudulent. After the encounter with the ghost of Hamlet Sr. and Hamlet, Hamlet decides to put on an antic disposition. But thereafter he decides this, Hamlet s actions embody someone that is truly mad. This is how Shakespeare makes it difficult to determine if Hamlet is truly mad. Although through his feigned actions and the reactions fromRead MoreMadness In Shakespeares Hamlet948 Words   |  4 Pages Madness is a condition in which is difficult to identify whether it is true or not. As in the encounter of the ghost of Hamlet s father and Hamlet, Hamlet is asked to avenge his father s death. To accomplish this task in a less apparent manner, Hamlet decides to put an antic disposition on. Consequently, his behavior thereafter is frequently baffling. William Shakespeare, the writer of the tragic play Hamlet leaves the audience to decide whether Hamlet is truly mad or not. Throughout ShakespeareRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Sanity Vs. Insanity1742 Words   |  7 PagesRay Elliott December 7th, 2015 Honors English IV Mrs. Joyner Sanity VS. Insanity â€Å"Hamlet represents the mid period of the growth of Shakespeare s genius, when comedy and history ceased to be adequate for the expression of his deeper thoughts and sadder feelings about life, and when he was entering upon his great series of tragic writings† (The World s Best Essays from the Earliest Period to the Present Time). Hamlet’s actions are entirely too extreme for him to be faking his insanity. Hamlet isRead MoreMadness : William Shakespeare s Hamlet1323 Words   |  6 PagesConnie Merer English 12 C Block 12/16/14 Madness in Hamlet Madness can be interpreted in many different ways, one of which being extremely foolish behavior. William Shakespeare s play, Hamlet, explores this definition within the title character’s journey after the death of his father. Throughout the play Hamlet has glimpses of sanity, but ultimately the tragedy of losing his father causes all of his idiotic behavior. He allows himself to listen to what appears to be the ghost of his father, andRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 1510 Words   |  7 Pages1 Emily Reno Parris A4 5.13.17 A Feigned Madness Until something very tragic happens, one will never truly know how they would respond to such an event. Shakespeare s play Hamlet focuses on the concept of grief and the incredible power it has to change the way a person acts. After the death of his father, Hamlet’s character is often thought to have entered a state of madness; however, many fail to see that Hamlet has feigned this madness to seek revenge on those who have wronged his fatherRead MoreHamlet s Rational Mind : William Shakespeare s Hamlet1071 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare s Hamlet, there are many conflicts present that can be applied to modern time. Hamlet, as the protagonist, displays many difficult aspects that haunt mankind to this day. Hamlet is a dynamic character. He believes that he is the smartest person in the room, which most of the time he is. He comes up with conniving schemes to get his revenge. Although Hamlet believes in his brilliant plan to feign madness, it causes so much suspicion from others that it ultimately causes the untimely death of himselfRead MoreIs Hamlet s Madness Genuine Or Feigned?1671 Words   |  7 Pages Mrs. Joyner Honors English IV 17 December 2015 Is Hamlet’s Madness Genuine or Feigned? One of the most controversially discussed themes in William Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, is the theme of Hamlet’s madness. Shakespeare left it up to the audience to decide whether he was truly crazy or not. Although, there are many deliberate acts of fabricated insanity repeated throughout the play. Hamlet’s life events such as the death of his father, loving someone he cannot have, and not mention the marriageRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1650 Words   |  7 Pages What is madness? Is someone considered mad or insane simply because they are different, and they, in turn, see the rest of the world as insane? William Shakespeare s play Hamlet is about a complex protagonist, Hamlet, who plays the role of a tragic hero. He encounters several misfortunes from experiencing his beloved father’s death, witnessing his mother s incestuous remarriage to his uncle, and seeing his father’s ghost. Due to all of this, Hamlet falls into a deep depression. Hamlet begins hisRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet 1441 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome his reality throughout the play? Hamlet s madness only manifests itself when he is in the presence of certain characters. When Hamlet is around Polonius, Claudius, Gertrude, Ophelia, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, he behaves irrationally. When Hamlet is around Horatio, Bernardo, Francisco, The Players and the Gravediggers, he behaves rationally. His mood and attitude changes abruptly throughout the play leadi ng one to believe that his madness became a reality. Hamlet appears to act mad whenRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - The Framework Of Deceit1301 Words   |  6 PagesThe Framework of Deceit Almost notably, the perception of madness and spying plays the most influential role in the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare. However, when looking closely at the play, it can be argued that the central theme of this tragedy is acting. How Shakespeare presents and lays out the actors and acting makes it a framework for madness and spying. Shakespeare points out the theme of in the dissimilarities of his characters, the deceits that individuals take for granted and the

Effects of Violent Video Games on Children Essay - 1660 Words

Effects of Violent Video Games on Children The use of video games has become tremendously popular among children and adolescents in the past decade. In fact, â€Å"Sixty-eight percent of U.S. households play computer or video games.† (David Jenkins, 2009) This statistic reveals how important it is to understand the effects that these games can have on individuals and more specifically, children. Over the years, numerous studies have been conducted investigating whether video games have positive or negative impacts. An increase in popularity has raised concern with the negative effects that may or may not be occurring. Video games exploit three fundamental learning strategies and therefore are easily able to influence children and†¦show more content†¦(Anderson Dill, 2000, p. 772) Negative Impacts on Children The majority of studies related to violent video games and levels of aggression have concluded a weak but positive correlation between the two. (Passer, Smith, Atkinson, Mitchell, Muir, 2008, p. 739-740) Studies have shown that after engrossing in violent games there are negative short-term and long-term effects. More specifically, researchers observed increases in aggressive thoughts, feelings and behaviors. (Anderson Dill, 2000, p. 772) In their research, they performed two studies exploring the long and short-term effects of video games in both laboratory and real life situations. The use of all five research methods ensures validity in their studies. It was concluded that, â€Å"long term video game players can become more aggressive in outlook, perceptual biases, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior than they were before the repeated exposure or would have come without such exposure† (Anderson Dill, 2000, p. 774) It is argued by many social scientists that exposure to violent video games can alter the personality structure of an individual. Assuming a causal relationship between violent video games and aggression would merely be an assumption. One must consider the bidirectional problem when making a causal statement. The pedagogy techniques used in video games alter a child’s aggressiveness. Violent video games teach children to use violence to solve conflicts,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children1074 Words   |  5 PagesVideo Games. Anderson et al. (2008), Anderson et al. (2010), Browne and Hamilton-Giachritsis (2005), Erwin and Morton (2008), Gentile and Stone (2005), and Jason et al. (2005) revealed a correlation between violent video games with immediate and later aggressive behavior. All of the research for the effects of violent videos games are conducted on older children and current research has not yet studied young children or preschoolers. It is important to note what research exclaims about the long-termRead MoreViolent Video Games Effect On Children1654 Words   |  7 Pagessamples of the dialog talked between kids who play games such as like â€Å"Call of Duty† or â€Å"Halo†. In today s age, kids frequently boast about the quantity of players they figured out how to kill while playing these video games. Two decades ago, this would not be the typical waste of time of an eleven year old, yet now kids are seeing this kind of brutal movement as simply one more approach to take a break on a Saturday morning. Since the video game market is blastin g at this moment because of progressiveRead MoreViolent Video Games and Their Effect on Children2104 Words   |  9 PagesProfessor Colbert English 128-03 7 April 2010 Violent Video Games and Their Effect on Children Ever since the creation of the first video game, they have had a certain effect on the individuals who play them. As video games have become more advanced and elaborate, children’s interest is at an all time high. With the degree of violence that has been a part of video games since the early 1990’s, parents and activists have claimed that these games are affecting children negatively. This claim only seems toRead MoreViolent Video Games Effects On Children934 Words   |  4 Pagestodays’ society is Violent video games effect negatively on youngsters. This issue is growing because many of these games are featured aggressive elements that lead youngsters towards violence. For most players, video games are fun but also violent games take over the lives of some player. Since the world of video games was started in the 1980s, the video games still getting new level of popularity in this world. Most people are getting really addictive of these violent video games. T he first importantRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children1359 Words   |  6 PagesKhan, Mohammad Salman English 1001 Rebekah Barton 5/4/2015 Effects of Violent Video Games â€Å"Boom! Headshot† â€Å"Time to kill that commie bastard† these are not from some war movies or documentaries. These are the dialogues of some recent games in market. In modern age, children often feel proud about the number of people or enemy they managed to kill when they are playing these games in various console. While even a decade before, this would not be the normal past time of an eleven year old teenage kidRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pages† Studies has shown that children that play violent video games desensitize players to real-life acts of violence, the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology says that it is a reduction in emotion-related physiological reactivity to real violence. It is also proven that people who are desensitized to violence are likely to commit a violent crime of some type. In 2011 there was a study that resulted in the finding of a link between the exposure of violent vide o games and an increase in aggressionRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children2016 Words   |  9 PagesMaisonneuve Professor Haynes CENG 102 04 December 2015 The Effects of Violent Video Games On Children Newton N. Minow once said, â€Å"Children will watch anything, and when a broadcaster uses crime and violence and other shoddy devices to monopolize a child’s attention, it’s worse than taking candy from a baby. It is taking precious time from the process of growing up†.The media is a powerful tool that in a very influence on children. There are many things that the youth in today s society isRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children1258 Words   |  6 Pagesminutes into playing a violent video game the average person becomes desensitized to the fact that they are killing someone. Now it it may seem like nothing when you play these games. But when people, especially children play them often it starts to become the only thing that they think about. Even if it is â€Å"just a character† in a game it becomes so to them to pull that trigger. I’ve witnessed this happen in my own household and I don’t hesitate to say: violent v ideo games are poisonous to the brainRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children1790 Words   |  8 PagesGaming the Violent Life Throughout recent years there has been many stories, well, more like excuses that adolescents have blamed violent video games for their violent behaviors. Can children truly use this as their excuse anymore? Many studies on this subject have recently been in the spotlight over the concern of young violent offenders, with numerous governing leaders and child developmental specialist concerned whether violent video games are the true cause of violence in children. With the growingRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children902 Words   |  4 Pagesrestless minds. Violent video games are a conflict in modern day society because children are witnessing harsh behaviors that are conditioning them to believe it is acceptable to commit these actions displayed before their eyes. There are many health effects that are involved with participating in these products of entertainment such as an increase in aggression, poor social skills and the formation of terrible habits. The ideas that will be discussed in this essay will pertain to how children are becoming

My Elementary And Middle School example Essay Example For Students

My Elementary And Middle School example Essay My Elementary and Middle School years were characterized by a consistent and dedicated work ethic, which was critical in maintaining good grades. While my high school years are highlighted by many accomplishments, which I regard with a higher sense of pride, as they were all accomplished despite any obstacles my disability imposed. During my first year of high school, I did not have as solid of a start as I would have liked. I maintained a good GPA as an honors student, but also received my first disappointing grade. Math had always been a weak subject for me but I was discouraged of the grade I had received. Sophomore year I knew something wasn’t right. There was no reason for someone my age to experience the amount of stress and anxiety I was dealing with. My parents and I decided that I should have some testing. Working with both my public school and private doctor, I was diagnosed with ADHD. The way in which I struggled in school now made sense. With the proper treatment, guidance, and assistive accommodations from school, I learned how to be more successful and manage my disability. I experienced a transformation, my grades improved and I became extremely motivated to makeup for lost time. I was able to apply new skills and techniques to help me, and as a result I successfully redid my poor semester of Algebra through the Florida Virtual School. The rest of Sophomore year taking all honors classes, I was able to achieve good grades, pass all of my end of course exams, achieve a high score on the writing FCAT, and I was able to accomplish whatever I set out.Entering a large high school with around 4,000 students, I knew I was going to need to diversify myself. While I dedicated significant effort to academics, I was able to. . smoothly. Even though it’s only been a little more than a week I believe my professors would describe me as friendly, respectful and excited. Friendly because in both of my classes I have made friends at my tables and have been chatting when allowed. Respectful because when my professors are talking I am sure to give them my full attention and excited because we are all so happy to begin our college experiences and have big smiles on our faces! . I am confident that the environment and resources at UCF will allow me to continue growing both academically and as a leader on campus within the many classes, clubs, and organizations on campus. Throughout my high school career, I have built a strong foundation of academic growth and leadership skills. I feel that University of Central Florida will enhance and expand my knowledge and opportunity to reach my full potential.

World Media Culture

Introduction Media is a reliable source of information given the fact that it always endeavors to remain impartial and transparent. Any media source that tends to be influenced politically is most likely to lose trust of the public.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on World Media Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As opposed to a hundred years back where media information only reached a few individuals especially in African countries, the contemporary world is dominated by different types of media to extent that every individual is updated with new information on a regular basis. It is believed that information is crucial when making imperative decisions at individual, organizational, community as well as at national and international level. Supply of information is enabled by various types of media such as social sites and mass media. Other sources of information like such engines are also known for having abu ndant current and historical data. Although other communication sites such as face book and twitter are common in the current world, it is apparent that newspapers, magazines, radios and televisions are preferred to social sites for the reason that they provide one with adequate and impartial information. Culture and media However, it also evident that different types of media found in dissimilar localities portrays different features. The features include way of advertising brands and presenting news among others. The differences can partly be explained by different cultures practiced by inhabitants of dissimilar regions. In many cases, one would easily identify variation in the way politics, business or sports news are presented in a media. Moreover, it has come to attention that media are showing disparity with regards to presenting business news especially when advertising and promoting sensitive products. The way advertisements are presented in both newspaper and radio reflect culture practiced by residents of a given locality. In particular, culture concerns with the way of living of a certain group of people which include religion, dressing code, common food used by a particular group of people in addition to other believes that are normally practiced by people. This paper would like to narrow down and closely compare and contrast two media in different localities.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Specifically, the paper will examine tone and language used by a Los Angeles Times from the U.S.A. and The Standard from Kenya majorly basing on their methods of advertising. This will assist in identifying features of different media that directly reflect culture of a specified group of people. Los Angeles Times and The Standard To begin with, it is notable that the U.S.A. is categorized amongst the developed countries in the contemporary world while Kenya is classified amongst the developing countries. In the business world, Los Angeles Times has been the leading newspaper in Los Angeles due to its effectiveness in advertising different products for different retailers and wholesale enterprises. For instance, it has been pointed out that since San Vicente Boulevard began advertising its products with Los Angeles Times, its volume of sales improved rampantly. San Vicente Boulevard is known for selling variety of food products (Dolan McGreevy, 2008). Through the method Los Angeles Times used to advertise San Vicente Boulevard’s foodstuff, it is easy to notice that Los Angeles city is dominated by individuals from different cultures. For example, it was advertised by Los Angeles Times that San Vicente Boulevard offers a great variety of food ranging from Indian and French food to Japanese and Chinese foodstuff. However, offering a variety of food can also mean that different types of meals from other countries are more ap pealing to the high end market. Considering that the U.S.A. is a developed country, it is easy to predict that Americans like experiencing cultures of other regions in the world and therefore, Los Angeles advertisement will be more appealing to such regions. Another categorical feature that is more specific with the U.S.A. media is its unique trait of emphasizing on quality as opposed to price. For instance, an advertisement that was carried out by Los Angeles Times on Full O’ Life Foods Market is extremely emphasizing on the freshness of food products which are delivered on a daily basis from farmers located in Southern California. Nevertheless, the advert does not touch on anything to do with price. Since sales increased rapidly after the advertisement, it is notable that Americans are so much concerned with quality and healthy products irrespective of prices charged.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on World Media Culture specifically for you f or only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, The Standard may illustrate a different culture in accordance to the mode of advertising of foodstuff for various supermarkets and groceries in Kenya. Kenya to some extent reflects image of Africa as well as that of developing countries. One of the leading supermarkets in Kenya, popularly known as Tusky’s supermarket, recently appeared on The Standard advertisement’s column. The advertisement emphasized heavily on the prices of foodstuff including vegetables and fruits. The supermarket was categorized among the leading supermarkets selling products at relatively affordable prices (Ochieng, 2009). A more fascinating event is that The Standard has never advertised pork in the North Eastern part of Kenya which is largely dominated by Muslims. This means that The Standard respects the Muslim’s religion. However, The Standard does not lay great emphasis on the freshness of the Tusky’s superma rket’s foodstuff. Nevertheless, the two media show some similarities. For instance, both at least stress on price and quality of foodstuff which means that inhabitants of both countries are rationale. Rationale means that all societies would need to maximize utility by paying the lowest price possible for any commodity. References Dolan, M., McGreevy, P. (2008, June 25). Purchase a healthy organic food: There are many groceries in Los Angeles providing fresh foodstuff. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from https://www.latimes.com/ Ochieng, P. (2009, September 14). Tusky’s Supermarket is an affordable supermarket for ordinary citizen: Obtain variety of vegetables, fruits and other foodstuffs. The Standard. Retrieved from https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ This essay on World Media Culture was written and submitted by user Elliott Tran to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

C Programming Language for Beginners

C Programming Language for Beginners C is a programming language invented in the early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie as a language for writing operating systems. The purpose of C is to precisely define a series of operations that a computer can perform to accomplish a task. Most of these operations involve manipulating numbers and text, but anything that the computer can physically do can be programmed in C. Computers have no intelligence - they have to be told exactly what to do and this is defined by the programming language you use. Once programmed they can repeat the steps as many times as you wish at very high speed. Modern PCs are so fast they can count to a billion in a second or two. What Can a C Program Do? Typical programming tasks include  putting data into a database  or pulling it out, displaying high-speed graphics in a game or video, controlling electronic devices attached to the PC or even playing music and/or sound effects. You can even write software to generate music or help you compose. Is C the Best Programming Language? Some computer languages were written for a specific purpose. Java was originally devised to control toasters, C for programming Operating Systems, and Pascal to teach good programming techniques but C was intended to be more like a high-level assembly language which could be used to port applications to different computer systems. There are some tasks that can be done in C but not very easily, for example designing GUI screens for applications. Other languages like Visual Basic, Delphi and more recently C# have GUI design elements built into them and so are better suited for this type of task. Also, some scripting languages that provide extra programmability to applications like MS Word and even Photoshop tend to be done in variants of Basic, not C. Which Computers Have C? The bigger question is, which computers dont have C? The answer - almost none, as after 30 years of use it is virtually everywhere. It is particularly useful in embedded systems with limited amounts of RAM and ROM. There are C compilers for just about every type of operating system.   How Do I Get Started With C? First, you need a C compiler. There are many commercial and free ones available. The list below has instructions for downloading and installing the compilers. Both are completely free and include an IDE to make life easier for you to edit, compile and debug your applications. Download and Install Microsofts Visual C 2005 Express EditionDownload and Install Open Watcom C/C Compiler The instructions also show you how to enter and compile your first C application. How Do I Begin Writing C Applications? C code is written using a text editor. This can be notepad or an IDE like those supplied with the three compilers listed above. You write a computer program as a series of instructions (called statements) in a notation that looks a little like mathematical formulas. This is saved out in a text file and then compiled and linked to generate machine code which you then can run. Every application you use on a computer will have been written and compiled like this, and many of them will be written in C. You cant usually get hold of the original source code unless it was open source. Is There Plenty of C Open Source? Because it is so widespread, much open source software has been written in C. Unlike commercial applications, where the source code is owned by a business and never made available, open source code can be viewed and used by anyone. Its an excellent way to learn coding techniques.   Could I Get a Programming Job? Fortunately, there are many C jobs out there and an immense body of code exists that will need updating, maintaining and occasionally rewriting. The top three most popular programming languages according to the quarterly Tiobe.com survey, are Java, C, and C. You could write your own games but youll need to be artistic or have an artist friend. Youll also need music and sound effects. Find out more about game development. Games like Quake 2 and 3 were written in C and the code is available free online for you to study and learn from it. Perhaps a professional 9-5 career would suit you better- read about a professional career or perhaps consider entering the world of software engineering writing software to control nuclear reactors, aircraft, space rockets or for other safety-critical areas.

Definition and Examples of Doublets in English

Definition and Examples of Doublets in English In English grammar and morphology, doublets are two distinct words derived from the same source but by different routes of transmission, such as poison and potion (both from the Latin potio, a drink). Also known as  lexical doublets and  etymological twins.  When the two words are used together in a phrase  they are called  coupled synonyms or  binomial expressions. Three words of this kind are called triplets: e.g., place, plaza, and piazza (all from the Latin platea, a broad street). Examples and Observations English has many doublets from Latin sources. Usually, the earlier word came from Norman French and the later one came from central French . . . or directly from Latin. Occasionally we have three words, or a triplet, from the same source, as in cattle (from Norman French), chattel (from central French), and capital, all derived from the Latin capitalis, meaning of the head. Another example is hostel (from Old French), hospital (from Latin), and hotel (from modern French), all derived from the Latin hospitale.  Ã‚   (Katherine Barber, Six Words You Never Knew Had Something to Do With Pigs. Penguin, 2007)It is no coincidence that the basic meaning of adamant was diamond. The word diamond is a doublet of adamant, the two words having come ultimately from the same Greek source, adamantos.The present-day adjective, meaning unyielding, inflexible, usually in the phrase to be adamant, is first recorded in the 1930s. It was apparently an extended use of such earlier phrases as an adamant h eart (1677), meaning a heart of stone and adamant walls (1878) stone walls.  (Sol Steinmetz, Semantic Antics. Random House, 2008) Cadet, Caddie, Cad In Medieval Gascon French, a capdet was a little chief, little head, from the Late Latin capitellus, a diminutive form of Latin caput head. The term was originally applied specifically to a younger son of a nobleman, serving as a military officer at the French court, . . .. The term passed into Standard French in this Gascon sense, but later was generalized to mean younger (son, brother).In the 17th century, French cadet passed into English, which reworked the French meanings and, in the process, created the doublet form caddie. During the 17th and 18th centuries cadet was used to mean junior military officer, while caddie meant military trainee. The 18th century also saw the creation of the abbreviated form cad, which seems to have had a variety of senses, all of them suggesting assistant status: assistant to a coach-driver, wagoners helper, bricklayers mate, and the like.(L. G. Heller et al., The Private Lives of English Words. Taylor, 1984) Differences in Meaning and Form Doublets vary in closeness of meaning as well as form: guarantee/warranty are fairly close in form and have almost the same meaning; abbreviate/abridge are distant in form but close in meaning (though they serve distinct ends); costume/custom are fairly close in form but distant in meaning, but both relate to human activities; ditto/dictum share only di and t and a common reference to language; entire/integer are so far apart that their shared origin is of antiquarian interest only. (Tom McArthur, The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford University Press, 1992) Doublets in Legal Language [David] Mellinkoff (1963: 121-2) indicates that many . . . legal terms appear in companythey are routinely used in sequences of two or three (doublets are also known as binomial expressions and binomials). . . . Everyday words can be transformed into legal formulae in this way. Melinkoff also points out that many doublets and triplets combine words of Old English/Germanic (OE), Latin and Norman French origins. Examples of doublets of sound mind (OE) and memory (L)give (OE) devise (F) and bequeath (OE)will (OE) and testament (F/L)goods (OE) and chattles (F)final (F) and conclusive (L)fit (OE) and proper (F)new (OE) and novel (F)save (F) and except (L)peace (F) and quiet (L)These expressions are mostly centuries old, and some date from a time when it was advisable to use words of various origins either to increase intelligibility for people from different language backgrounds, or more probably it was intended to encompass previous legal usage or legal documents from both early English and Norman French.  (John Gibbon, Forensic Linguistics: An Introduction to Language in the Justice System. Blackwell, 2003)The non-exhaustive lists below present a selection of doublets and triplets still commonly found in legal documents:Doublets:aid and abet, all and sundry, attached and annexed, ask and to answer, deem and consider, each and all, fit and proper, have and hold, legal and valid, true and correct, totally null a nd void, peace and quiet, son and heir, terms and conditions, last will and testamentTriplets:cancel, annul, and set aside / ordered, adjudged, and decreed / signed, sealed, and delivered(Mia Ingels,  Legal English Communication Skills. Acco, 2006) Morphological Doublets [M]orphological doublets (rival forms) . . . are pairs of synonymous complex words which share the same base but involve distinct formatives, e.g. two different affixes (cf., for instance, the existence of attested doublets in -ness and -ity: prescriptiveness/prescriptivity, etc.). One may predict that this sort of formal fluctuation is not likely to persist for a long time; usually, one of the rival forms eventually takes over and becomes established (thus strengthening the derivational pattern it represents) while the other variant sinks into oblivion (or they acquire specialized meanings, as in historic / historical, economic / economical). (Bogdan Szymanek, The Latest Trends in English Word-Formation. Handbook of Word-Formation, ed. by Pavol Ã…  tekauer and Rochelle Lieber. Springer, 2005) Pronunciation: DUB-lit EtymologyFrom Latin duplus, two-fold

Mass-spectrometer (another copy) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Mass-spectrometer (another copy) - Essay Example ion concentrations of shared elements for all the drugs as well as, once detected these chemical elements will be matched with a catalogue of chemical compounds; an illustration of this process is described in the report as well as an assessment on the limitations, design specifications, besides recommendations for enhanced dependability. Basically, a mass spectrometer performs three important roles (Figure 1). Initially, it bombards the molecules to be analyzed with a stream of high-energy electrons, transforming a number of the molecules to ions, which are then fast-tracked in an electric field by a sequence of polarized fast-tracking plates, a huge potential difference (p.d), oscillating from 1 to 10 kV (kilovolts), applied across these fast-tracking plates yields a beam of briskly roaming positive ions. Moreover, one or more focusing slits subject the ions into a uniform beam. What is more, majority of the sample molecules do not undergo ionization, nonetheless, are incessantly drawn off by vacuum pumps which are linked to the ionization chamber; whereas some of the molecules are changed to negative ions by the absorption of electrons. Consequently, the repeller plates engross these negatively charged ions. Besides, a number of the positively charged ions which are produced can possess a charge greater than one ( a loss of in excess of a single electron). These are fast-tracked in a similar way as the singly charged positive ions. Secondly, the fast-tracked ions are isolated consistent with their mass-to-charge ratios in an electric or magnetic field by a deflection that transpires through an applied magnetic field. Finally, the ions that have a specific mass-to-charge ratio are identified by a detector device which can tally the number of ions reaching it that have negotiated the static-curved radius of arc because of the applied magnetic field (Figure 2). Additionally, particles with mass-to-charge ratios which are both too large as well as too small hit

Discussion Questions-z Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Questions-z - Coursework Example Although the tourists first experience culture shock, they later adapt to the environment and enjoy every bit of it. In Mumbai, they find home away from home and the tourists even wonder why they should leave. â€Å"Look around. Why would I leave?† (p. 03). The predisposition that the tourists previously held is eliminated through the social interactions that transpire between the locals and the tourists. The US tourists are portrayed as sociable and respectful of the natives. However, in "The Unwelcomed Tourists", the locals and tourists seem to be suspicious about each other. The natives are portrayed as unwelcoming while the tourists strived to elude any form of interaction. Apparently, their interaction is manifested by degree of social aloofness, affective ties and stereotyping that would not exist between neighbors. The US tourists are portrayed as shrewd and end up being mistrusted by natives. However, these disparaging encounters can be attributed to restricted cultura l interactions and lack of impartiality. Paying empirical attention to generative potential and plurality can aid in creating a better understanding local-tourists interactions and improving this rather tainted scenario. The society needs to go beyond tourists contemplation and establish profound social relationships. As an industry, cruising has rapidly grown to currently attract over 12 million passengers annually and a source of employment for several tourism and hospitality professionals. In â€Å"Below the Passenger Deck,† and in â€Å"Working at the Rat,† the workers interact with passengers/guests and through these interactions, the many challenges threatening to engrave the tourism and hospitality industry are revealed. In â€Å"Below the Passenger Deck,† one outstanding fact that stands out is how not to treat guests. It was a classy charter yacht. No matter how demanding or annoying the guests acted, Kat and Amy kept on smiling and smirking. They do not get out of control or

Improvements in Iraq freedom Essay Example for Free

Improvements in Iraq freedom Essay Introduction The rebirth of freedom in Iraqi brought some improvements with it. There is, the rebirth of freedom itself, economic the advancement of the political and civil society growth as well as reconstruction progress, generosity of foreigners and positive role played by the coalition troops in rebuilding the colony as well as unremarked upon security successes. Contrary to some critics, the intention of the media in not high-lighting some of these positive developments has never been to whitewash the situation in Iraq or to down pay the negative; the bloodshed, the violence, frustrations as well as disappointments are all there for every one to see and about in the main stream media on daily basis. But to point out positive developments is not to deny the bad news, merely to provide a more complete picture (Preble, 2004) The past Saddam Hussein’s regime was a minority Sunni. The long suppressed Shia majority is free now to voice its concern, demanding in post operations Iraq’s freedom (OIF) (Preble, 2004) The world population is increasing tremendously during operation Iraq’s freedom majority of Iraq population were women. This shows that they participated in the operation Iraq freedom more than men during the OIF; the coalition troop had to fight the insurgents whom the majority was men. The local populace personnel were mainly made up women. (Tripp, 2004) OIF brought democracy in Iraq. It made it possible for the Iraqis to prepare for their first ever democratic elections. Iraqis living overseas were also given an opportunity to prepare to vote in the general elections. Even any one who was an Iraqi citizen was eligible to vote. No restrictions were surfaced on Iraqis on the basis of religion, race or sex. This included even those who were Israeli citizens at that time. Anyone who had an original Iraqi birth certificate was to take part is the vote (Preble, 2004) A lot of electoral education activities as well as campaigns run by individual candidates, individual parties or alliances, seminars, conferences as well as posters were all over the place. Iraqis took advantages of the OIF and improved their lives Many Iraqis started investing a fresh in their businesses. The future was looking bright for the people and everything was moving in the right direction During OIF the US used local security forces of indigenous paramilitary personnel in stability operations because it is one of the cornerstones of US foreign policy supporting a newly formed local government. In fact the ideologies forces were integrated in all aspects of US stability operations to provide legitimacy as well as availability for a new government trained as a force capable of dealing with internal as well as foreign threats ,and influenced the local populace’s perception as the new government attention to solve the problems . The stability operations by the United States in Iraq provided for local security to be integrated and used in the majority of US military operations. Such stability operations require a long-term commitment by the United States in cooperation with local leaders to identify, train in as well as integrate local forces into security key fixed sites, as well as conducting security operations on asymmetric battlefields. (Tripp, 2004) Normally what happen the United States characteristics stability operations as promoting as well as protecting US national interests by influencing the political as well as threat aspects of the operational environment. Ground commanders are usually granted to broad and flexible discretions pursuant to rules of engagement to execute the missions required in the area of responsibility. With the broad discretionary choices, commanders tailor their actions according to the type of stability operations needed. (Cordesman, 1999) There are quite a number of benefits that the US army gets from the local populace. Some of them are, for one, it will likely assume responsibility for areas that have suffered significant war-related damages. Secondly, it gets the much needed, military exposure, especially in applying their counterinsurgency tactics they learn quite a lot than other forces in the world. Thirdly the terms and conditions of the salaries of the US army tend to become more favorable in its operation in Iraq. Even while deployed, the US army is covered by the federal employee’s compensation act program, which is known as FECA. (Preble, 2004) The whole process of bringing back freedom and democracy in Iraq has many complications and risks which were to be overcome by the US army. The past regime had constructed extensively many obstacles which were to be surmounted. All the same the United States managed to win the hearts and minds of Iraqis. (Preble, 2004) The positive attitude the U. S. army received during Iraqi freedom was not enough, and especially could not fill the negatives that the tribal leaders of Sunni, Shiite, and Kurdish created through operating at will as well as conducting guerrilla attacks through out the country. Things were not easy for the United State army since it operated as the only entity capable of providing much needed assistance and the required security aspects of the verify effort. At that time there was an illusion that the army was to be a brief temporary presence evaporated almost immediately Conclusion. Post-conflict Iraq security tasks may include control of belligerents, protection of the populace, territorial security, and protection of main individuals, infrastructure as well as institutions and reform of all indigenous security institutions. The control of be liberal task includes: implement as well as maintain the ceasefire; enforce the peace agreement, and support disarmament, de-mobilization as well as reintegration. Territorial security includes, non-combatants, clearance of unexploded ordinance, as well s maintaining public orders. The protection of key individuals, infrastructure, and institutions includes private institution as well as individuals, critical infrastructure, military infrastructure, and public institutions. This shows that the U. S army did a lot to the local populace. As such it deserves more benefits than what it got (Tripp, 2004). Things have really improved now the ethnicity factors have started to lose there meaning. The Shiite, Sunni, and Kurdish will live in peace. Many students are now studying political science. The economy has improved and many better things can still be achieved. What U. S did in Iraq and is still doing shows a lot how much a super power can do to save other countries. T he people of Iraq are now enjoying the rebirth of freedom as well as economic prosperity in their beloved country. U. S is never tired to see into it that the world is a better place. Other countries should also follow the good example of United States. Many battles have been won in history but there is no one battle that has been won in a special like that of United States restoring freedom in Iraq. (Preble, 2004). Reference: Cordesman, H. A (1999): Iraq and the war of sanctions: Conventional: threats and weapons of mass Destination: Praeger Publishers Westport, CT. Preble, C (2004: Existing Iraq: Why the US Must End the Military Occupation and renew the war against Al Qaeda: Report of a special Task Force; Cato Institution. Washington. Tripp, S R, et al (2004: Supporting g Air and Space Expeditionary Forces: lessons from operation Enduring freedom. Rand. Santa Monica.

Teaching Philosophy :: Education Teachers Essays

Teaching Philosophy I was held back in fourth grade, because my teacher failed to realize that I was struggling. My parents tried everything from money incentives to grounding me until my work was done. Nothing seemed to work with me; I didn’t understand what I was supposed to be learning and no amount of pressuring, grounding, or incentives were going to help. The second time around, my teacher didn’t put as much pressure on me and made the class a little more interesting. The following year, my teacher Mr. Barger, told us on the first day that he’d â€Å"give [us] just enough rope to hang ourselves†. I often found myself in such a position. This teacher is the best teacher I have ever had, because he made the class fun. By the end of the year I was on the B honor roll. It wasn’t until my senior year in high school that I decided I wanted to be a teacher. I realized that I wanted to give something back to the students. I wanted to become the teacher that students would remember for making a difference in their life. I believe that the nature of knowledge is constructed and dependent upon person, place, or time. Knowledge depends upon the teacher’s teaching styles, foundations, and how much time the teacher can allow for certain subjects. With the student, it depends on his/her age, their learning process, and their learning environment. How well he/she does can depend on how much time the teacher spends on the subject. You could have a slow child in a class, but if you spend just a little longer on that math problem they just may get it. You may have a six-teen year old boy who chooses not to learn and goofs off, but if you keep trying to capture his interests he’ll probably come around. The nature of knowledge is relative; it just depends on how much the teacher and the student want to put into it. I believe that public education was established so that all people could get an education.

How does Steinbeck present the life of an itinerant worker at the beginning of the novel?

Steinbeck begins his novel by creating the setting. He paints a beautiful image of a peaceful environment where Lennie and George live in. This suggests an ironic tone to their lives as it is not quite as peaceful and harmonic as the setting. Their lives is quite the opposite, as they work hard and their only form of entertainment is starting fights, drinking heartly and going to cathouses. Readers are introduced to the lives of itinerant workers in America during the Great Depression.Steinbeck uses setting to describe itinerant workers’ lives such as â€Å"small square windows† – a symbolism of the prison-like working conditions of a farmhand worker. Also, it portrays the small constricted view of the outside world that these itinerant workers had. They did not have any privileges and did not afford to have any luxury. It could be argued that their bosses had total control over the itinerant workers.They were confined to have a simple life such as displayed when it is said â€Å"Tell ya what – know what he done Christmas? Brang a gallon of whisky right in here and says, Drink hearty, boys. Christmas comes but once a year.† This shows their simplicity and how they are easily pleased and impressed due to their low expectations. Although, at the mercy of their bosses, itinerant workers were victims of exploitation of work such as being overworked and maltreated as seen in this quote â€Å"The boss gives him hell when he’s mad†. This suggests the workers had to keep the boss satisfied.African-American itinerant workers are mentioned at the beginning of the book and the frequent use of the word, now an explicitly racist word â€Å"nigger† is heavily used to emphasise the attitude society had to african-americans. The first reference to it is in the quote â€Å"Ya see the stable buck’s a nigger.† We are hinted to the idea of â€Å"niggers† being treated worse than men such as Lennie and Geo rge, because of their skin colour and the old belief of african-americans being less â€Å"worthy†. Itinerant workers were used to the constant verbal and occasional physical abuse given by their bosses. Readers get the opportunity to understand better the mentality of itinerant workers and how they would prefer to spend their leisure time.â€Å"When the end of the month come, I could take my fifty bucks and go into town and get  whatever I want. Why, I could stay in a cathouse all night.†, â€Å"Order any damn thing I could think of†, â€Å"Get a gallon of whisky, or set in a pool room and play cards or shoot pool†. Readers keep being reminded of their simple life and low-life cheap entertainment which was the norm, this was what itinerant workers enjoyed. Another suggestion to entertainment enjoyed by them is in the form of violence: â€Å"After that the guys went into Soledad and raised hell.†. As they were farm-men and known for being masculi ne, they would carry out violent acts for the sake of satisfaction.Their simple way of living and their natural simplicity is stressed several times in the beginning of the novel such as when Lennie is described to the boss in an attempt to make him appear more handy: â€Å"Oh! I ain’t saying he’s bright. He ain’t. But I say he’s a God damn good worker.†. This emphasises the lack of education amongst itinerant workers. It is also reflected in the sociolect used by these men, which is grammatically incorrect but widely spoken: â€Å"An’ you ain’t gonna do no bad things like you done in Weed, neither.†In conclusion, we are exposed to a lot of information in the beginning of the novel that describes the way itinerant workers lived and their personalities and interests in order to properly understand the story.

Core Elements in Business Process Managment

Learner Log Book LLB Learner Log Book LLB |I. INSTRUCTIONS | The purpose of the Learner's Log Book (LLB) is to document the achievements of the learner in a central repository that will be considered as evidence on the effectiveness of the learning process. It is a ‘monitoring tool' that e-tutors use to report on individual learners' progress and it is a way of ensuring that learners: Are engaged in their learning process. They are experimenting by doing the tasks subscribed to them by the e-tutor.Avoid plagiarism because learners have to be engaged on a continuous basis and the informal assessment can therefore be used to ensure consistency with the main formal assessment. Provide e-Tutors with the opportunity to get to know the learners evaluate them and mentor them properly. There are templates which will reflect whether learners read, whether they understand, whether they assimilate the knowledge, whether they develop enquiry ability, whether they have the potential to con duct critical thinking and whether they can reflect on the knowledge accumulated by relating to real situations.The onus is mainly on learners to furnish the required information in the templates after each unit based on the Read and Analyze Activity. After filling the information in the template they need to e-mail it back to the e-Tutor. e-Tutor will then comments on the work done and the involvement that takes place and give overall impressions on the learners at the end of the module. |II. GENERAL INFORMATION | Learner Name: ID Number: Course Title: Business Process ManagementArticle Title: Rosemann and Brocke Date of Submission: 19 Oct 2011, 2pm Date of Received Feedback: ———————————————— |III. SUMMARY (100-200 words) | Provide a summary in your own words on the article you requested to read and analyze in the following space. The article introduces a brief overview o f the six core elements in business process management. Also, it states the reasons behind working hard to identify these core elements.A BPM framework that outlines the different elements of BPM is an essential guide for many purposes such as project and program management, vendor management, complexity management, standards management and strategy management. There is a need to identify the BPM framework because it can guide decision makers in all previously mentioned challenges. The BPM maturity models were used for the framework identification. However, Rosemann and de Bruin's BPM maturity model was selected as the base for identifying the core elements because of some reasons.One of these reasons is that the model was applied in a number of organizations where it proved to be of practical relevance in real life projects. Finally, the six core elements and their subcomponents were identified. The critical BPM elements are strategic alignment, governance, methods, information tec hnology, people and culture. BPM must be linked to the organizational strategy. It should establish clear responsibilities and guide decision making processes. BPM adapts a set of methods and IT solutions that supports activities along the process lifecycle like modeling, implementation, monitoring and improvement.People and culture as core elements include individuals as well as groups and their values and beliefs in regards to process-centered organization. |IV. CRITICAL ANALYSIS | This is the most important section in your analysis. To complete it successfully, the learner is to consider the following guiding steps: ? Present arguments coherently, supported by evidence and facts to substantiate on why you may take a particular stance and/ or position towards a particular approach whether against or in support of it; ?Where applicable, attempt to bridge the gap between the theory and conceptual work and the application under consideration. I believe that the identified BPM core el ements are an essential tool for the organization success. BPM elements established a clear guide for decision makers seeking organizational excellence. I strongly agree that the performance of individuals and groups and the business processes must be linked to the organizational strategic goals. Process measures are necessary for continuous identifying, measuring and developing of the actual business processes performance.Process measures may clarify the organizational goals and facilitate changes towards better customer satisfaction. Furthermore, I believe that having a clear definition of roles and responsibilities is an essential success factor. This definition clearly states the critical tasks, what is expected from employees and groups, how to meet the expectations and how to improve the business. Therefore, it provides a linkage of process performance with strategic goals. I agree that methods and IT solutions must be part of the core elements.They provide essential tools and techniques that facilitate redesigning of the business processes in order to achieve performance improvement. Finally, culture has a strong impact on the business and its performance because cultural beliefs and values set the negotiation and communication style. People attitudes and behaviors may improve business processes and may delay the improvement. It depends on their willingness to adapt new changes. |V. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS |How could you apply the subject matter from the article in a real business case? The core elements must be applied in all business cases to enable improvement in the operative efficiency. This can be done by strongly linking the organizational goals with business performance. All job descriptions and duties must be defined in accordance to the organizational mission and goals. Ensure that governance is applied by providing each employee with a clear and specific definition of the activities, tasks and processes.Employees will be aware of what's expec ted from them and how to meet the expectation by applying governance element. Apply methods and IT techniques to facilitate process modeling and analysis instead of using traditional methods. For example, oil and gas industries use HYSYS program to model the processing plant and simulate any future changes to study the change impact on the industry before implementing it in reality. This how IT implementation facilitates business processes. People whether individuals or groups play a vital role in organizational success.On-going training that aligns with the strategic goals must be provided to employees to enhance their skills and knowledge. Individuals must be encouraged to take responsibilities and be accountable for major tasks. This can be done by delegation of a major task of the leader to the employee where the employee will be responsible for delivering the desired outcomes. After delivering a major task in the desired results, the employee will gain confidence and willingnes s to lead in future jobs.People within one organization must adapt similar values and beliefs and must be linked to each other. Organizing communities and networks at work will help creating a culture. For example, having an organizational day out will facilitate communication among various people in the organization. |VI. LEARNING REFLECTIONS | What have you learnt? Identify the key learning points and the lessons learnt. Critical thinking is about the lessons learnt to be drawn from the analysis. BPM framework can serve many vital purposes such as project management, vendor management, complexity management, standards management and strategy management ? BPM framework comprehensively structures BPM as an organizational capability and not only as the execution of tasks in the process lifecycle ? BPM consists of six core elements that represent its success factors ? BPM core elements are strategic alignment, governance, methods, IT, people and culture ? BPM must be linked to the or ganizational strategies and goals where all processes are designed in accordance to strategic priorities ?Governance defines clear responsibilities and focuses on the design of decision-making processes ? Methods and IT tools must be applied to facilitate process modeling, execution, monitoring, control, improvement and project management ? Human capital of the organization is an important factor for improving business processes |IX. e-TUTOR COMMENTS AND FEEDBACK | |Mark: | [pic][pic]

10 Things You Dont Know About Fat

10 Things You Dont Know About Fat Along with proteins and carbohydrates, fat is an essential nutrient that provides energy for the body. Fat not only serves a metabolic function but also plays a structural role in the building of cell membranes. Fat is found primarily beneath the skin and is essential for maintaining healthy skin. Fat also helps to cushion and protect organs, as well as insulate the body against heat loss. While some types of fat are not healthy, others are required for good health. Discover some interesting facts you may not know about fat. 1. Fats Are Lipids but Not All Lipids Are Fats Lipids are a diverse group of biological compounds characterized generally by their insolubility in water. Major lipid groups include fats, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes. Fats, also called triglycerides, are composed of three fatty acids and glycerol. Triglycerides that are solid at room temperature are called fats, while triglycerides that are liquid at room temperature are called oils. 2. There Are Billions of Fat Cells in the Body While our genes determine the number of fat cells we are born with, newborns typically have around 5 billion fat cells. For healthy adults with normal body composition, this number ranges from 25-30 billion. Overweight adults on average can have around 80 billion fat cells and obese adults can have as many as 300 billion fat cells. 3. Whether You Eat a Low-Fat Diet or High-Fat Diet, the Percentage of Calories From Dietary Fat Consumed Is Not Linked to Disease As it relates to developing cardiovascular disease and stroke, it is the type of fat you eat not the percentage of calories from the fat that increases your risk. Saturated fats and trans fats raise LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels in your blood. In addition to raising LDL (bad cholesterol), trans fats also lower HDL (good cholesterol), thus increasing the risk of developing disease. Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats lower LDL levels and reduce the risk of  disease. 4. Fat Tissue Is Composed of Adipocytes Fat tissue (adipose tissue) is composed mainly of adipocytes. Adipocytes are fat cells that contain droplets of stored fat. These cells swell or shrink depending on whether fat is being stored or used. Other types of cells that comprise adipose tissue include fibroblasts, macrophages, nerves, and endothelial cells. 5. Fat Tissue Can Be White, Brown, or Beige White adipose tissue stores fat as energy and helps to insulate the body, while brown adipose burns fat and generates heat. Beige adipose is genetically different from both brown and white adipose, but burns calories to release energy like brown adipose. Both brown and beige fat get their color from the abundance of blood vessels and the presence of iron-containing mitochondria throughout the tissue. 6. Fat Tissue Produces Hormones That Protect Against Obesity Adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ by generating hormones that influence metabolic activity. A major function of adipose cells is to produce the hormone adiponectin, which controls fat metabolism and increases the bodys sensitivity to insulin. Adiponectin helps to increase energy use in muscles without affecting appetite, to reduce body weight, and to protect against obesity. 7. Fat Cell Numbers Remain Constant in Adulthood Studies have revealed that the numbers of fat cells in adults remain constant overall. This is true regardless of whether you are lean or obese, or whether you lose or gain weight. Fat cells swell when you gain fat and shrink when you lose fat. The number of fat cells an individual has in adulthood is set during adolescence. 8. Fat Helps Vitamin Absorption Certain vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble and can not be properly digested without fat. Fats help these vitamins to be absorbed in the upper portion of the small intestines. 9. Fat Cells Have a 10 Year Lifespan On average, fat cells live for about 10 years before they die and are replaced. The rate at which fat is stored and removed from adipose tissue is about one and a half years for an adult with normal weight. The fat storage and removal rates balance out so that there is no net increase in fat. For an obese person, the fat removal rate decreases and the storage rate increases. The fat storage and removal rate for an obese person is two years. 10. Women Have a Higher Percentage of Body Fat Than Men Women have a greater percentage of body fat than men. Women need more body fat to maintain menstruation and also to prepare for pregnancy. A pregnant woman must store enough energy for herself and for her developing child. According to the American Council on Exercise, average women have between 25-31% body fat, while average men have between 18-24% body fat. Sources Fat turnover in obese slower than average. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Published 2011 September 25. (https://www.llnl.gov/news/fat-turnover-obese-slower-average)What are the guidelines for percentage of body fat loss? The American Council on Exercise. Published 2009 December 2. (acefitness.org/acefit/healthy-living-article/60/112/what-are-the-guidelines-for-percentage-of/)Dynamics of fat cell turnover in humans. Spalding KL, Arner E, Westermark PO, Bernard S, Buchholz BA, Bergmann O, Blomqvist L, Hoffstedt J, Nslund E, Britton T, et al. Nature. 2008 Jun 5; 453(7196):783-7. Epub 2008 May 4.

An Overview of Basque Country

An Overview of Basque Country The Basque people have inhabited the foothills of the Pyrenees Mountains around the Bay of Biscay in northern Spain and southern France for thousands of years. They are the oldest surviving ethnic group in Europe. Even so, scholars have still not determined the exact origins of the Basques. The Basques may be the direct descendants of the first hunter-gatherers that lived in Europe about 35,000 years ago. The Basques have prospered, though their distinctive language and culture were sometimes suppressed, giving rise to a modern violent separatist movement. History of the Basques Much of Basque history is still largely unverified. Due to similarities in place names and personal names, the Basques may be related to a people called the Vascones that lived in Northern Spain. The Basques get their name from this tribe. The Basque people had probably already lived in the Pyrenees for thousands of years when the Romans invaded the Iberian peninsula during the first century BCE. The Romans had little interest in conquering Basque territory due to the mountainous, somewhat non-fertile landscape. Partly due to the terrain of the Pyrenees, the Basques were never defeated by the invading Moors, Visigoths, Normans, or Franks. When Castilian (Spanish) forces finally conquered the Basque territory in the 1500s, the Basques were first given a great amount of autonomy. Spain and France began to pressure the Basques to assimilate, and the Basques lost some of their rights during the Carlist Wars of the 19th century. Basque nationalism became particularly intense during this period. Spanish Civil War Basque culture greatly suffered during the Spanish Civil War in the 1930s. Francisco Franco and his fascist party wanted to rid Spain of all heterogeneity, and the Basque people were specifically targeted. Franco banned the speaking of Basque, and the Basques lost all political autonomy and economic rights. Many Basques were imprisoned or killed. Franco ordered the Basque town, Guernica, to be bombed by the Germans in 1937. Several hundred civilians died. Picasso painted his famous â€Å"Guernica† to demonstrate the horror of war. When Franco died in 1975, the Basques received much of their autonomy again, but this did not satisfy all Basques. ETA Terrorism In 1959, some of the fiercest nationalists founded ETA, or Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, Basque Homeland and Liberty. This separatist, socialist organization has conducted terrorist activities to try to break away from Spain and France and become an independent nation-state. Over 800 people, including police officers, government leaders, and innocent civilians have been killed by assassinations and bombings. Thousands more have been injured, kidnapped, or robbed. But Spain and France have not tolerated this violence, and many Basque terrorists have been imprisoned. ETA leaders have claimed numerous times that they want to declare a cease-fire and solve the sovereignty issue peacefully, but they have broken the cease-fire repeatedly. The majority of Basque people do not condone the violent actions of ETA, and not all Basques want complete sovereignty. Geography of the Basque Country The Pyrenees Mountains are the major geographic feature of the Basque Country. The Basque Autonomous Community in Spain is divided into three provinces- Araba, Bizkaia, and Gipuzkoa. The capital and home of the Basque Parliament is Vitoria-Gasteiz. Other large cities include Bilbao and San Sebastian. In France, many Basques live near Biarritz. The Basque Country is heavily industrialized and energy production is particularly important. Politically, the Basques in Spain have a great deal of autonomy. While they are not independent, the Basques control their own police force, industry, agriculture, taxation, and media. Basque: The Euskara Language The Basque language is not Indo-European: it is a language isolate. Linguists have tried to connect Basque with languages spoken in North Africa and the Caucasus Mountains, but no direct links have been proven. The language Basque is written with the Latin alphabet and the Basques call their language Euskara. It is spoken by about 650,000 people in Spain and about 130,000 people in France. Most Basque speakers are bilingual in either Spanish or French. Basque experienced a resurgence after the death of Franco, and to get a government job in that region, one needs to speak and write Basque; the language is taught in various educational facilities. Basque Culture and Genetics The Basque people are known for their diverse culture and occupations. The Basques built many ships and were excellent seafarers. After explorer Ferdinand Magellan was killed in 1521, a Basque man, Juan Sebastian Elcano, completed the first circumnavigation of the world. St. Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Jesuit order of Catholic priests, was Basque. Miguel Indurain has won the Tour de France multiple times. Basques play many sports like soccer, rugby, and jai alai. Most Basques today are Roman Catholic. The Basques cook famous seafood dishes and celebrate many festivals. The Basques may have unique genetics. They have the highest concentrations of people with Type O blood and Rhesus Negative blood, which can cause problems with pregnancy. Basque Diaspora There are approximately 18 million people of Basque descent around the world. Many people in New Brunswick and Newfoundland, Canada, are descended from Basque fishermen and whalers. Many prominent Basque clergymen and government officials were sent to the New World. Today, about 8 million people in Argentina, Chile, and Mexico trace their roots to the Basques, who emigrated to work as sheepherders, farmers, and miners. There are about 60,000 people of Basque ancestry in the United States. Many reside in Boise, Idaho, and in other places in the American West. The University of Nevada at Reno maintains a Basque Studies Department. Basque Mysteries Abound The mysterious Basque people have survived for thousands of years in the isolated Pyrenees Mountains, preserving their ethnic and linguistic integrity. Perhaps one day scholars will determine their origins, but this geographic puzzle remains unsolved. Sources and Further Reading Douglas, William, and Zulaika, Joseba. Basque Culture: Anthropological Perspectives. Reno: University of Nevada, 2007.  Trask, R. L. The History of Basque. London: Routledge, 1997Woodworth, Paddy. The Basque Country: A Cultural History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

Consumer Problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Consumer Problems - Essay Example It is identified that carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and extreme heat produced during the disaster amplify the dreadfulness of mattress fires. This paper will explore the lethal effects of mattress fires and will also recommend solutions to the issue. Potential issues of mattress fires As per the report released by CPSC representatives, mattress fire causes 700-1000 deaths annually (Mattress and bedding fires). This huge mattress fires related death rates point out the severity of the issue. According to Mullan (2004), national fire loss estimates assert that mattresses and bedding were the major cause to ignite in 19, 400 residential fire cases attended by fire service during 1995-1999. Although many regulations have been initiated to address the issue, none of them could effectively avoid the mattress fires. The regulations could persuade industries to manufacture fire resistant mattresses. However, even the restructured mattresses are not capable of preventing the spread of fire . The issue has turned to be one of the major social concerns in the United States as technology did not develop an effective method to eliminate this problem. Although cigarette smoking in bed is the main cause of mattress fires, type of suits the individuals wearing, the furniture used, and the room setting also add to the rapid spread of the mattress fires. It is important to note that mattress fires spread very quickly in an uncontrollable manner and hence it increases the chances of fatalities and huge economic loss. According to United States Deputy Fire Administrator Chief Charlie Dickinson (as cited in Morales, 2004), mattress fire doubles itself every minute. From the reported mattress fire cases, it is observed that users of mattresses, their family members, and neighbors in nearby apartment units are at risk of mattress fire. It is assumable that the mattress fire victims would probably be asleep and it adds to the severity of the issue. Similarly, kids and aged persons a re easily affected by mattress fires since they lack sufficient physical fitness to leave the disaster spot instantly. Carbon monoxide is the deadly gas released during mattress fire disasters and it would kill individuals before the flames do. Many consumers are of the belief that previous government regulations have completely eliminated mattress fires; however, these regulations could only reduce the risks associated with mattress disasters. Solutions Obviously, it is difficult to stop the mattress fires completely; therefore, it would be better to explore some remedies that would mitigate the dreadfulness of this issue. Firstly, people must get aware of the dreadfulness of mattress fire and the available disaster response techniques. The adult persons must be careful about removing their children and aged parents from bed at the time of disaster. In addition, one must close the doors to stop fire and call the fire service department. It is advisable for the fire service departme nt to provide awareness programs to the public. Likewise, it is not practical to inhibit people from smoking in bed; hence, it is better to place a protective material layer in between sheets and mattress. In the opinion of Hammack (as cited in Sumi and Williams-Leir, 1969), woolen blankets, cotton cloth treated with a commercial launderable fire retardant, and certain types of plastic sheeting are the effective defensive measures to prevent

Russian Relationship with US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Russian Relationship with US - Essay Example The difference in ideologies was also expressed in the foreign polices that each advocated for. While America was advocating for democracy in the word, Russia was advocating for socialism ideologies. There were a lot of differences in the interventions that the two countries carried out in the world. For example in Korea, America and Russia entered in the differences that were emerging between two sides in the country and they successful saw the splitting of the country into North and South Korea, a division which remains to date. America supported South Korea while Russia supported North Korea. Throughout the period of the cold war, the two countries took stand on opposing sides in any conflict with each asserting its force in order to emerge as the winner and have majority following. Their foreign policies had split the world to capitalist and socialist blocs in all the continents. However towards the end of 1980s, the fall of the Berlin wall was one of the sign that marked the end of the cold war. This brought about a new world order in which the United States was the only superpower in the world. It created a unipolar world where the United States influenced every decision made and tried to monitor all what was happening in the world especially thorough the control of the international bodies like the UN. At the same time there have been emerging centers of power in other regions like China and the re-emergence of Russia has been witnessed in the recent past. Current relationship between the two countries Currently there has been emerging differences between the two countries. Russia has been coming back slowly to its former status in the world which is seen as the start of a new cold war era. Although the world has remained the same as before, this time it is more complicated with other emerging centers of power like China which has been having a troubled relationship with the US. The relationship between Russia and the USA has been quite since the end of the cold war but of late it has been deteriorating. This difference has been expressed by the foreign policies that these countries have towards the other. There has been a trend in the way the two countries choose their friends and partners. While Russia has been taking one side with China, US have been on the other side with UK and other European allies. What American consider as "rogue states" or "axis of evil" are what Russia consider as friends. The difference in their ideoligies has been one of the factors that have been dictating their foreign polices towards each other and towards the world. For example, Russia's foreign policy towards Iran is very different from the foreign policy of US. While Russia advocates for dialogue and involvement of the international bodies for arbitration, the USA has been advocating for military factor in the nuclear conflict. Both countries have been advancing differences on the status of Iran and the accusation of development of weapons of mass destruction. (John 1998, 1) The foreign policy of the two countries Though the main battle between the two states has been fought on the UN security council using their veto power, the difference in their foreign policy has been expressed in the open and has been degraded to a mere exchange of harsh words and criticisms. While the US accuses Russia of using its energy policy as a foreign

SOCIAL MEDIA AS AN EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHANNEL Essay

SOCIAL MEDIA AS AN EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHANNEL - Essay Example 53). It is also playing a key role in the overall community building. There are many types of social media that help people communicate with each other and develop business relationships. However, social media mainly refers to the social networking websites that play a dynamic role in the personal and professional lives of people. Some of the main business benefits of using social media include provision of an effective marketing platform, ability to reach large audiences, and improved customer service. In this paper, we will discuss the value of social networking websites for advertising, customer service, and as a community building tool. The paper will also include a discussion on the value of social media as an effective marketing tool. 2. Social Media as an Effective Marketing Channel Social networking websites are playing a valuable role as effective marketing channels for all types of companies whether large, small, or medium-sized (Kelly 2013). With the advent of the social m edia as an effective network for marketing and advertising, companies started using social networking websites for achieving better response, as well as to provide customer service through enhanced level of interaction with the customers of the company (Richardson, Gosnay and Carroll 2010, p. 58). â€Å"The main goal of social media marketing is to ensure high participation of target audience in campaigns and content shared by the company† (Rajarammohan 2012). It is imperative for a company y to know the needs and demands of the customers for the provision of best products and services. Managers use a range of tools to gather required information because without the information of customers’ requirements, it is not possible for a company to deliver customer value properly. Social media marketing helps managers and concerned employees in contacting the customers of the company directly to know their requirements and preferences. Today, many small and large companies for m manufacturing and retail industries are focusing of the use social media marketing to customize their products in accordance with the customers’ preferences, as well as to deliver their message in a more effective and conventional way to the target audience. Social media marketing refers to marketing using social networking websites and other forms of social media (Weinberg 2009, p. 4). Gone are the days when people used to visit products’ dealers and companies personally to know the functionalities and specifications of their required products. Today, most of the people use internet and related media to get all information about the products that they want to buy. For example, the number of people using online portals and websites for shopping is increasing with every passing day. The reason is that they do not need to waste their precious time going to markets and collecting information about different products. Today, internet has become the biggest and the most c onvenient marketplace where trading occurs in the same way as it occurs traditionally. The role of internet in this regard is evident from the fact that some popular social media websites, such as, Youtube, Twitter, and Facebook receive millions of clicks every day regarding product information (Rajarammohan 2012). The role of Youtube seems to be on the top in this regard as millions of people use this website to gather information about different products and services. For example, if a person aims to buy a new mobile phone of a particular company, he/she is most likely to open Youtube and see different videos related to that mobile phone. This is the reason why almost all major brands

Body Sensor Network: A Modern Survey Performance Study

Body Sensor Network: A Modern Survey Performance Study ABSTRACT As because of modern emerging technologies, low power integrated circuits and wireless communication has enabled a new generation of sensors network. The incorporation of these sensors networks in Health care is very popular and plays a vital role in breath breaking situations. The deployment of monitoring hardware incorporated with various wireless standards plays a key role in regard to interoperability, invasion privacy, sensors validation data consistency and interference related issues. The goal of our paper is to make a comparative study in realm of modern wireless trends such as Bluetooth, Wi-fi, Zigbee and Wibree and related facets. Index Terms- Wireless Body area network, Zigbee, Wi-fi, Bluetoooth INTRODUCTION Now a days, Wireless Sensors Network (WSN) has becomes a assured technology in the realm of advanced applications. The one of its latent position is in the form of unguided biomedical sensor network to determine physiological sign. Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a unguided network utilized for interaction among sensor nodes in or about the human body in order to supervise critical body parameters and activities. These supervising signs are collected by a personal server, e.g. PDC or Smart phones which acts as a sink for the information of the sensors and send them to caregivers for proper health supervising. The personal server have some memory in which some results are arranged which it gives to the patient at the time of emergency it acts like a feedback, if the situation is not handle by the PDC then it transfers the signal to caregivers by unguided media. There are different issues highlighted in the employment of WBAN technology. This survey executes a atomistic review on pronominal investigations that emphasis in procured related facts in WBAN as well as WLAN. This paper is arranged into the different parts which provides a short introduction of WBAN and WLAN and look out attributes of pronominal differences between them and fetch attributes of WBAN and pulls general architecture and handle postulates in WBAN and also intercommunicating much on security issues, we shall also see the features of short range wireless techniques and compare them according to their performance. And at last gear up related investigations in security bare for WBAN. ATTRIBUTES OF WBAN WBAN is a communication network between human and computers through wearable devices. To establish a interaction between these devices, unguided sensor network and ad hoc network techniques may be used. The tiny sensor senses the signals from the body and send it to the processor through unguided media[1]. But due to some emblematic features of WBAN current protocols create for these network are not always feasible to favour WBAN. To favour this level, TABLE 1 modifies the general differences between WSN and WBAN[2][3]. WBAN was introduced from real WSN (WPAN) technologies[4]. WPAN is a personal area network using unguided acquaintance consistently within a short range ( Basic requirement of WBAN include the requirements of WPAN, such as low power, low data rate unguided sensors network standard Zigbee. Despite the fact that Zigbee does not fetch majority of core technical requirements of WBAN features and the for a standard specifically designed for WBAN. Diagnosticate the great market potential and rapid technological enlargement in this field. The IEEE is ongoing an 802.15.6 standard optimized for low power WBAN favouring at a data rate from 10Kbps to 10 Mbps[1]. The exclusive endowment compared to majority of core WPAN are as follows: WBAN is a small scale network rather than WPAN is a relatively short range communication technique inclusive the communication in or on a human body with the maximum range of ( A star topology is basically used WBAN where communication is organised in the heart of sensor nodes and is directly linked to a master node. Despite, it cannot always meet the desired authenticity requirement. Thus a star-mesh hybrid topology extends the fashionable approach and creates mesh networking among central coordinates in multiple star networks. Gadgets incorporating WBAN are firmly limited in their computational capabilities and required scalable completion; data rate upto10Mbps, and power consumption upto40MW. Data that are detected, collected and transmitted in WBAN is comparatively sensitive; highly secure and confidential. Gadgets of WBAN closely surround the human body to consist of its transportation system are highly safety requirements. ACCUSTOMED ARCHITECTURE The proposed wireless area body network for health monitoring integrated into a border multitier medicine system in this architecture ,WBAN is compared to other wireless network. In fig 1 a WBAN compared with other types of wireless network[2]. Each type of network has a typical enabling technology, defined by IEEE. A WPAN used IEEE 802.15.1 (Bluetooth) or 802.15.4 (zigbee) , a WLAN uses IEEE 802.11 (Wi-fi) WMAN IEEE 802.16 .The communication in a WAN can be established via satellite links. As declared before , admitting challenges faces by WBAN are in many ways similar to WSN, there are elemental differences between the two requiring special attention. Network and Complex Systemswww.iiste.org ISSN 2224-61 OX (Paper) ISSN 2225-0603 (Online)pn Vol.3, No. 1, 2013-Selected from Inter national Conference on Recent Trends in Applied Sciences with Engineering Applications IISTe In TABLE 2, a schematic overview of differences between WSN and WBAN is given [2][3][4]. TABLE 2:SCHEMATIC ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WSN AND WBAN IS GIVEN: CHALLENGES WSN WBAN Scale Monitored environment (m/km) Human body (cm/m) Node number Many redundant nodes for wide area coverage Fewer, limited in space Result accuracy Through node redundancy Through node accuracy and robustness Node tasks Node performs a dedicated task Node performs multiple task Node size Small is preferred, but not important Small is essential Network topology Very likely to be fixed and static More variable due to body movement Data rates Homogeneous Heterogeneous Node replacement Performed easily, nodes even disposable Replacement of implanted nodes difficult Node lifetime Several years/months Several years/months, smaller battery capacity Power supply Accessible and likely to be replaced more easily and frequently Inaccessible and difficult to replace in an implantable setting Power demand Likely to be large, energy supply easier Likely to be lower, energy supply more difficult Energy scavenging source Most likely solar and wind power Most likely motion(vibration) and thermal (body heat) Biocompatibility Not a consideration in most applications A must for implants and some external sensors Securitylevel Lower Lower Higher, to protect patient information Impact of data loss Likely to be compensated by redundant nodes More significant, may require additional measures to ensure QoS and real-time data delivery Wireless Technology Bluetooth, Zigbee, GPRS, WLAN, Low power technology required Impact of data loss Likely to be compensated by redundant nodes More significant, may require additional measures to ensure QoS and real-time data ENGROSSSMENT OF WBAN We classify demand of WBAN into two categories i.e. system and security. Further detail is described in the following subsection. A.System exigency This subsection provides brief description of system requirements that viewed in three different aspects such as type of devices, data rate and energy. Types of devices. Sensor node: A device that responds to and gathers data on physical catalyst processes the data if necessary and reports this information wirelessly. It consists of several components which are sensor hardware, a power unit, a processor, memory and a transmitter or transceiver. Gateway: It gathers all the information acquired by the sensor nodes and informs the users. The components area power unit, memory and transreciever. This device is also called a body control unit(BCU),body gateway or a sink. Monitoring Server: It is consists of database for data storage and processing and analyzing software for delivering system intended services. Data rates The reliability of the data transmission is provided in terms of the necessary bit error rate (BER) which is used as a measure for the number of packets lost. For a medical device, the reliability depends on the data rate. Low data rate devices can cope with a high BER while devices with a higher data rate require a lower BER. The required BER is also dependent on the criticalness of the data. Energy Energy consumption can be divided into three domains: sensing, communication and data processing[2][5]. Despite, the energy consumption for communication is more than computation in WBAN. Further, higher security requirements usually correspond to more energy consumption for cryptographic operations. B. Security Requirements The security and privacy of patient-related data are two indispensable components for the system security of the WBAN. By data security, it means the protection of information from unauthorized users while data being stored and transferred and data privacy means right of individuals to control the collection and use of personal information about themselves. Security and privacy issues are raised automatically when the data is created, transferred, stored and processed in information systems[8]. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) mandates that, as the sensors in WBAN collect the wearers health data (which is regarded as personal information), care needs to be taken to protect it from unauthorized access and tampering[9][11]. Because WBAN systems and their supporting infrastructure are operated with extremely stringent constraints, they present a greater challenge in the areas of throughput, data integrity and data security when compared to traditional clin ical systems. The security mechanisms employed in WBAN for the later need specific features that should be taken into account when designing the security architecture. Thus, the system needs to comply with the following major security requirements as in TABLE 3 [4][8][10]. TABLE 3: MAJOR SECURITY REQUIREMENTS IN WBAN Major security requirement Description Data storage security requirements Confidentially Patient-related data should be kept confidential during storage periods. Especially, its confidentially should be robust against node compromise and user collusion. Encryption and Access Control List are main methods providing data confidentiality. Integrity assurance Patient-related data must not be modified illegally during storage periods Dependability Patient-related data must be readily retrievable when node failure or data erasure happens. Data access security requirements Access control (privacy A fine-grained data access policy shall be enforced to prevent unauthorized access to patient- related data generated by the WBAN. Accountability When a user of the WBAN abuses his/her privilege to carry out unauthorized actions on patient-related data, he/she should be identified and held accountable Revocability The privileges of WBAN users or nodes should be deprived in time if they are identified as compromised or behave maliciously. Non repudiation The origin of a piece of patient-related data cannot be denied by the source that generated it. Other security requirements Authentication The sender of the patient-related data must be authenticated, and injection of data from outside the WBAN should be prevented Availability The patient-related data should be accessible even under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. WBAN APPLICATIONS The WBAN application targeted IEEE 802.15.6 standard are divided into medical and non medical application as given in fig.2. Medical application include collecting vital information of a patient continuously and forward it a remote monitoring station for further analysis[6]. The huge amount can be used to prevent the occurrence of myocardial infarction and treat various diseases such as gastrointestinal tract, cancer, asthma neurological disorder. WBAN can also be used to help people with disabilities. For ex retina prosthesis, chips can be planted in human eye to see at an adequate level. Non medical application include monitoring forgetting things, data file transfer, gaming and social networking application. In [7] gaming, sensor in WBAN can collect coordinate movements of character in the same, ex- moving cricket player or capturing the intensity of ball in tennis. The use of WBAN in social networking allows people to exchange digital profile or business allows people to exchang e digital profile or business card only by shaking hands. Fig. 2. WBAN applications RELATED RESEARCH Several research groups have been developing the implantable or wearable devices for health monitoring in WBAN communications. However, these researches mainly focus on building system architecture and in lesser extent on developing networking protocols. Besides, it is difficult to discover solutions providing security for WBAN and security has generally been covered separately. Extending the scope of technology, there are several security protocols in general sensor networks. Security Protocols for Sensor Networks (SPINS) is a set of protocols for achieving security requirements like confidentiality, integrity and authenticity in sensor networks and uses several symmetric keys to encrypt the data as well as compute the Message Authentication Code (MAC)[4][11]. However, SPINS is only considered in general sensor networks, so that it is inadequate to apply in WBAN as it has environmental features like the human body and limited computing resources. Some researches show the security for sensor nodes in or on the human body in WBAN. They show that the sensors have to make use of cryptographic algorithms to encrypt the data they send to control node and the random number which is used in security protocols can be generated by biometrics[12]. Biometrics approach uses an intrinsic characteristic of the human body as the authentication identity or the means of securing the distribution of a cipher key to secure inter-WBAN communications. At initial stage, several security schemes of WBAN are established by the symmetric cryptosystem due to limited resources, but have problems like delaying the disclosure of the symmetric keys and providing weak security relatively since it is not resilient against physical compromise[13]. Furthermore, the complexity of sensor nodes key managements in WBAN gives each component overload. On the contrary, some researches utilizing the asymmetric cryptosystem in mobile and ad hoc networks also have been proposed, and tried to examine the unique characteristics of WBAN[8][14]. One concern about the asymmetric cryptosystem is a resource constraint problem but recent work has shown that performing ECC consumes a lot less of memory and computing power[12][14]. These researches dealt with a scope of limited WBAN but they exclude the implanted sensor networks. The objective of WBAN is also the implementation of body area network that can contact with everywhere in, on, and out the human body. By comparison, each approach has several issues to be considered in terms of the security services in WBAN. Further, there is a trade-off between performance and security. Related to these, another research group has implemented these two heterogeneous cryptosystems in their research which provides security and privacy to WBAN. In [4], they believe that these two cryptosystems can be applied in the authentication of WBAN depleting each weak point of them at once. They primarily focus on the authentication in the overall coverage of WBAN including in-, on- and out body to provide the strong and adequate security for WBAN. CONCLUSION WBAN is an emerging and promising technology that will change peoples healthcare experiences revolutionarily. It brings out a new set of challenges in terms of scalability, sensor deployment and density, energy efficiency, security and privacy and wireless technology. In this survey, we have reviewed the current development on Wireless Body Area Network and we focused in security issues faced by this technology. In particular, this work presents an overview of the differences between Wireless Body Area Network and Wireless Sensor Network. We presented differences of architecture in WBAN and other type of Wireless sensor network. Several key applications will benefit from the advanced integration of WBAN and emerging wireless technologies. They include remote health monitoring, military, sports training and many others. It is also important to highlight here that WBAN poses with various type of security problems. Thus, we believe that WBAN requires a strong security system and part of it is authentication. A secured authentication system is extremely needed in various applications WBAN technology particularly in medical and military. The proposed protocol is potentially useful to be utilize in WBAN by satisfying their technical requirements keeping pace with the standardization of IEEE 802.15.6[4]. Our next step is to discover hybrid authentication protocol in providing a strong security system for WBAN. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work is supported by National Institute of Technology, Patna as a part of partial fulfilment of Post Graduate degree in Communication systems for the academic year of 2011-2013. REFERENCES Selimis, Georgios et al. A Lightweight Security Scheme for Wireless Body Area Networks: Design, Energy Evaluation and Proposed Microprocessor Design, Journal of Medical Systems, 2011, pp. 1-10-10, doi: 10.1007/s10916-011-9669-2. Latre, Benoit, Bart Braem, Ingrid Moerman, Chris Blondia, and Piet Demeester. A survey on wireless body area networks, Wireless Networks, vol. 17, 2010, pp. 1 18, doi: 10.1007/s11276-010-0252-4. Chen, M., Gonzalez, S., Vasilakos, A., Cao, H., Leung, V. C. M. Body Area Networks: A survey, Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 16, 2011, pp. 171-193, doi:10.1007/s11036-010- 0260-8. Jang, C. S., Lee, D. G., Han, J.-W., Park, J. 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